Nutation-Based Longitudinal-Sensing Protocols for High-Field NMR with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond

Nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond enable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of samples at the nano- and microscale.  However, at typical tesla-scale NMR magnetic field strengths, N-V–NMR protocols become difficult to implement due to the challenge of driving fast N-V pulse sequences sensitive to nuclear Larmor frequencies above a few megahertz.  We perform simulations and theoretical analysis of the experimental viability of N-V NMR at tesla-scale magnetic fields using a measurement protocol called DRACAERIS (Double Rewound ACquisition Amplitude Encoded Radio Induced Signal).  DRACAERIS detects the longitudinal magnetization of the NMR sample at a much lower driven Rabi frequency, more suitable technically for N-V detection.  We discuss how pulse errors, finite pulse lengths, and nuclear spin-spin couplings affect the resulting NMR spectra.  We find that DRACAERIS is less susceptible to pulse imperfections and off-resonance effects than previous protocols for longitudinal magnetization detection. We also identify reasonable parameters for experimental implementation.