Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1652 (1992)https://ireap.umd.edu/10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.16521992
Yuval
Carmel
W.R.
Lou
John
Rodgers
H.
Guo
William W.
Destler
Victor L.
Granatstein
Baruch
Levush
Thomas M.
Antonsen, Jr.
A.
Bromborsky
Journal ArticlePlasma, Accelerator, and Nuclear PhysicsRecent experimental studies have revealed for the first time some basic features of pulsed, relativistic (300–600 kV) backward-wave oscillators such as starting current, axial mode locking, and multifrequency operation. Above a critical beam current a gradual degradation of the spectrum purity of the electromagnetic radiation is observed, culminating in the onset of stochastic oscillations.
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